How Oral Hygiene Can Combat Cancer-Related Complications
Have you ever wondered how your oral hygiene can help in your cancer journey? Keeping your oral health in check is super important for anyone going through cancer. Poor oral hygiene can cause several complications that can affect your quality of life and can also potentially interfere with your cancer treatment.
In this blog, we’ll explore the connection between oral hygiene and cancer care, common problems faced, and tips for good oral hygiene.
How does cancer treatment affect oral health?
A 2022 study by the Harvard School of Dental Medicine found that cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can lead to several complications, such as painful sores, oral mucositis, infections, dry mouth, and changes in the mouth. These complications can start during treatment and sometimes can last for a longer period.
Chemotherapy: A 2020 study by The American Journal of Clinical Oncology reports that 40% of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy experience oral mucositis.
- This treatment targets rapidly growing cells, including cancer cells and healthy cells such as bone marrow, hair, skin, the oral epithelium, and healthy connective tissues.
- The normal lining of the mouth replaces itself every 9 to 16 days. Chemotherapy can cause side effects like ulcerative mucositis or stomatitis, xerostomia, salivary gland dysfunction, oral infections, and oral sores. These infections may affect gums and tooth mobility.
- When the salivary gland is affected, it produces thicker or less saliva, which can cause dry mouth. This dryness in the mouth increases the risk of tooth decay on the roof surfaces, which makes chewing and swallowing difficult.
Radiotherapy: A 2019 study by the Journal of Radiation Oncology found that chronic dry mouth (xerostomia) is more common in patients undergoing radiation therapy.
- Radiation therapy, particularly when used to treat head and neck cancer, can damage the salivary gland and the supporting structures of the mouth, jaw, and throat.
- Unlike chemotherapy, radiation therapy affects only the area treated or where the beams pass through.
- Radiation therapy can cause side effects such as xerostomia (dry mouth), mucositis, trismus, dysphagia, and Osteoradionecrosis ( a condition in which jawline tissue is affected, causing pain and tooth loss).
Surgical procedures: Surgery in the oral cavity can affect the structure or functions of the mouth.
- It can involve removing the tumour cells in the affected area or the entire section of the jaw and tongue. This makes it difficult for patients to eat, speak, and maintain oral hygiene.
- Post-surgical complications include pain, swelling and changes in taste sensation, which can affect dietary intake and nutrition.
- Due to surgery, the patients are unable to clean their mouths, which leads to tooth decay, plaque deposition, and gum diseases.
- These complications may require the patients to seek the help of dentists to explain them and attempt treatment accordingly.
Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is considered the latest advancement in cancer treatment. It enhances the body’s immune response to fight cancer.
- Dry mouth and an alteration in taste are some of the oral complications of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
- Research studies have quoted that immunotherapy leads to the development of inflammation in the mouth, which increases the chance of infection and complicates the treatment protocols.
Why is it important to maintain oral hygiene?
Oral hygiene is an important health concern that is often sidelined during cancer treatment. Good oral health can help prevent or alleviate complications caused by cancer treatment. Here is how oral health can combat these complications:
1. Mucositis: It is the most common and painful side effect of cancer treatment. It is inflammation of the mucous membrane in the mouth, which can affect the ability to eat or speak. Good oral hygiene can control mucositis by keeping the oral cavity clean and reducing the risk of infection. Effective strategies include
- Gentle brushing: Try a soft-bristled toothbrush, as it can reduce irritation. Brushing twice a day can also remove plaque formation.
- Mouth rinses: Rinsing mouth with alcohol-free mouthwash can soothe irritated tissues and clean the mouth.
2. Xerostomia (Dry Mouth): Dry mouth is a frequent side effect of cancer treatment, which can cause pain or difficulty swallowing. You can try:
- Hydration: Proper hydration keeps the mouth moist.
- Saliva substitutes: Try over-the-counter products that mimic saliva. These can provide relief and maintain oral comfort.
- Sugar-free gums: Chewing gums can improve saliva production, provide moisture, and also help digestion.
3. Infection risk: Cancer therapy can affect the body’s immune system, making patients more prone to infections. Having proper oral hygiene can reduce the risk of infections:
- Daily oral care: Brush and floss regularly to remove plaque and prevent gingivitis, which can cause several infections.
- Regular dental visits: Professionals can examine and clean teeth to help prevent oral health problems.
4. Prevention of tooth decay and gum diseases: Because of reduced saliva, cancer patients may be more prone to tooth decay and gum diseases. The prevention of this may be facilitated by:
- Fluoride treatment: This strengthens outer enamel and prevents caries from occurring.
- Cut down on sugar: Avoiding sugary foods and drinks can reduce the risk of cavities.
10 practical tips for maintaining oral hygiene during cancer treatment
Maintaining oral health during cancer treatment requires a proactive approach. Here are 10 tips to maintain oral hygiene:
1. Stick to a routine: Establish a proper oral hygiene routine and follow it. Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss regularly to remove plaque and prevent gum issues.
2. Use soft-bristled toothbrush: Soft-bristled toothbrushes can be gentle on gums and oral tissues, reducing the risk of irritation and bleeding.
3. Use anti-microbial mouthwash: It can control oral bacteria and reduce the risk of infections. Choose alcohol-free mouthwash to avoid dry mouth.
4. Stay hydrated: Proper hydration can prevent dry mouth and increase saliva production. You can try a humidifier at night to keep the air moist.
5. Try saliva substitute: You can get saliva substitutes over the counter, which can reduce dryness in the mouth. These products mimic natural saliva and help in managing dry mouth and digestion.
6. Opt for gentle foods: During cancer treatment, patients may experience mouth sores and sensitivity. Choosing soft, bland food can make eating more comfortable and less painful.
7. Regular dental check-ups: Schedule regular appointments with a dentist who specialises in treating cancer patients. Professional cleaning and assessment can help detect problems early.
8. A big no to smoking and alcohol: Both tobacco and alcohol can cause several problems, like dry mouth. Limiting or quitting alcohol can benefit both oral health and overall wellness.
9. Use fluoride gel or varnish: Discuss with your dentist the use of fluoride gel or varnish to help prevent cavities.
10. Educate yourself: Stay informed about the possible side effects of your treatment. Joining a support group can help with available resources and shared experiences.
Frequently Answered Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the facts about the oral complications of cancer treatment?
Oral complications caused by cancer treatment include dry mouth, tooth decay, infections, taste changes, and gum problems such as bleeding gums and weakness in enamel.
2. Is oral chemotherapy safe?
No, oral chemotherapy has the same effectiveness as IV chemotherapy. Even the side effects will be similar to IV chemotherapy in oral chemotherapy.
3. How long will the oral complications of cancer treatment last?
It can vary depending on the person and treatment given. Side effects from radiation therapy can last for months or longer, whereas side effects from chemotherapy resolve in weeks.
Final thoughts!
Good oral hygiene is important during the treatment of cancer. It will prevent painful complications such as mucositis, dry mouth, and infection. You can make the journey quite smooth by maintaining a good brushing routine, keeping fluids, and visiting the dentist occasionally.
Remember, every little bit counts. A good oral health maintains comfort and gives you control over your well-being. You got this!
References
- https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq#:~:text=Chemotherapy%20and%20radiation%20therapy%20may,%2C%20infections%2C%20and%20tooth%20decay.
- https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2017-09/oral-complications-cancer-dental-team.pdf
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22972543/
- https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations
Note: The information provided in this blog is intended for general knowledge. It is important to remember that it should not replace professional medical advice. If you have any concerns about cancer or related symptoms, please consult a healthcare provider.
