The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first typhoid vaccine in 1911.

The primary use of the typhoid vaccine is to prevent typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. It is recommended for individuals traveling to or residing in regions with a high risk of typhoid fever, as well as for certain occupational groups, close contacts of typhoid patients, and as part of public health efforts to control the disease. 

Typhoid vaccines can be administered through different routes, including oral and injectable methods. The oral typhoid vaccine, like Ty21a, is typically taken by mouth as a series of capsules or liquid. Injectable typhoid vaccines, such as the Vi capsular polysaccharide and Vi-TT conjugate vaccine, are administered as intramuscular injections. The choice of administration route depends on the specific vaccine type, the recipient's age, and individual health considerations.

Common side effects of the Typhoid vaccine may include pain or swelling at the injection site (for injectable vaccines), fever, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, and chills. Less common side effects can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (particularly with certain oral vaccines), and, in rare instances, severe allergic reactions.

Pain or swelling at the injection site is common with typhoid vaccine. Mild fever can occur within a day or two after vaccination. Some individuals may experience a mild headache. Feeling tired or fatigued is another common side effect, particularly in the hours or days following vaccination. Mild muscle aches or soreness at the injection site may occur. Some people may experience chills, but this side effect is typically mild and temporary. Nausea and vomiting can occur but are less common. Some individuals may experience mild diarrhea, particularly with certain oral typhoid vaccines. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) are extremely rare but can occur.

To minimize discomfort, consider applying a cold compress to the injection site after taking typhoid vaccine. Rest and drink plenty of fluids. If you develop a headache, rest in a quiet, dark room and stay hydrated. Over-the-counter pain relievers may be helpful, but consult a healthcare provider for appropriate recommendations. If you feel nauseous or vomit after vaccination, drink clear fluids like water, broth, or electrolyte solutions. Avoid heavy or spicy foods until you feel better.  If you experience symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or a severe rash, seek immediate medical attention. Inform your healthcare provider of any known allergies before vaccination.

Consult your healthcare provider for severe allergies or previous adverse typhoid vaccine reactions. Discuss the safety of vaccination during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, weighing the potential risks and benefits. If you have a weakened immune system, are moderately or severely ill, recently received blood transfusions, or take specific medications, consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance. For children, appropriate vaccines are available. Alcohol consumption and driving are generally unaffected by typhoid vaccination. Always seek advice from a healthcare professional to ensure safe and effective vaccination for your health circumstances.

1. KD Tripathi, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Vaccines and Sera, 7th edition, 2013, 920.
2. Sanofi Pasteur, Electronic medicines compendium (EMC), [Revised on 27 Jan 2021] [Accessed on 14 Sept 2023], https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.1393.pdf
3. Sanofi Pasteur Inc, US Food and Drug Administration, [Revised on March 2020] [ Accessed on 14th Sept 2023], https://www.fda.gov/media/75993/download#:~:text=Typhim%20Vi%20vaccine%20is%20indicated,years%20of%20age%20or%20older.

The drug information on this page is not a substitute for medical advice. It is meant for educational purposes only. For further details, consult your doctor about your medical condition to know if you can receive this treatment.