28 Mar 2025
8 Mins
How to Identify and Manage Autoimmune DiseasesAutoimmune diseases are sneaky, often developing slowly but impacting various
parts of the body. When your immune system attacks its own cells, it can lead to
frustrating symptoms and long-term complications. The objective of this blog is
to guide you in recognising the signs of autoimmune disorders
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/fatal-autoimmune-diseases],
diagnosing them accurately, and offering strategies for managing them through
treatments and lifestyle adjustments.
Learn how to stay ahead of these conditions and take proactive steps toward
better health and well-being.
WHAT IS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?
Autoimmune diseases
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/most-common-types-of-autoimmune-diseases]
occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s healthy cells instead
of protecting it from harmful invaders. This can lead to inflammation, tissue
damage, and organ dysfunction.
A 2024 NIH study [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9918670/] found a
12.5% annual increase in the global prevalence of autoimmune diseases. This rise
is consistent with global trends, including a 3–4% annual increase in type 1
diabetes incidence over the last three decades and a growing recognition of
additional autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions.
There are over 80 types of autoimmune diseases affecting various organs and
systems in the body.
* Immune System Malfunction: The body’s immune system, designed to protect
against harmful pathogens, mistakenly targets healthy cells, leading to
immune system disorders.
* Inflammation and Tissue Damage: The immune system’s attack causes
inflammation, which can result in long-term tissue damage and dysfunction in
affected organs.
* Over 80 Types: Autoimmune diseases can affect different parts of the body,
and there are over 80 recognised conditions.
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS?
Autoimmune diseases can affect various parts of the body, leading to a wide
range of symptoms and complications. Here are some of the most common autoimmune
disorders:
1. Lupus
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/skin-care/lupus-symptoms-causes-treatment-guide]:
It is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the skin,
joints, kidneys, heart, and other organs. The symptoms can vary widely, making
it difficult to diagnose. Key symptoms include skin rashes (especially a
butterfly-shaped rash across the face), joint pain, fatigue, and organ
involvement.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/rheumatology/rheumatoid-arthritis-causes-treatment]:
This autoimmune disease primarily affects the joints, leading to pain,
stiffness, and swelling. It can cause long-term damage to the joints if not
properly managed. Rheumatoid arthritis often starts in the smaller joints and
can progress to larger joints over time.
3. Multiple Sclerosis
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/world-multiple-sclerosis-day-2023]:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the central nervous system, causing symptoms
such as numbness, difficulty walking, vision problems, and fatigue. The immune
system attacks the protective covering of nerve fibres, leading to nerve damage
and interference with nerve signals.
4. Hashimoto's Disease
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/hashimoto-symptoms-treatment]:
Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland,
leading to hypothyroidism
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/thyroid-and-weight-loss].
Symptoms include weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/gastroenterology/types-of-constipation],
and unexplained fatigue. It is one of the most common causes of an underactive
thyroid.
WHAT ARE THE MAIN CAUSES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?
The exact autoimmune causes are not fully understood, but it is believed that a
combination of genetic and environmental factors plays a role. Some potential
triggers include:
* Genetic predisposition: A family history of autoimmune diseases increases the
likelihood of developing one.
* Infections: Viral or bacterial infections may trigger the immune system to
attack the body’s own tissues.
* Environmental factors: Exposure to certain chemicals, toxins, or even
sunlight (in the case of lupus) may trigger an autoimmune response.
* Hormonal factors: Women are more likely to develop autoimmune diseases,
suggesting that hormones may influence their development.
WHAT ARE THE EARLY SIGNS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?
The symptoms of autoimmune diseases can be varied and often mimic those of other
health conditions, making diagnosis challenging. Common autoimmune symptoms that
may point to an underlying autoimmune disease include:
* Unexplained fatigue: Unexplained fatigue and joint pain autoimmune and
feeling excessively tired even after a good night’s sleep.
* Joint pain and swelling: Persistent pain and swelling in the joints without
any clear injury.
* Skin rashes: Unexplained rashes, especially those that appear on the face,
hands, or other areas.
* Muscle weakness: A general feeling of weakness or difficulty lifting objects
or performing normal tasks.
* Fever
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/home-remedies-fever]: A
low-grade fever that doesn’t go away may indicate inflammation in the body.
* Digestive issues: Bloating, gas, diarrhoea, and constipation can be symptoms
of autoimmune diseases that affect the digestive system.
* Hair loss: Some autoimmune diseases, like lupus, can cause hair thinning or
loss.
* Numbness or tingling: Autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis can cause
these sensations, particularly in the limbs.
HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?
An autoimmune diagnosis can be complex due to the variety of symptoms that
overlap with other health conditions. If you are experiencing unexplained
symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, or skin rashes, it’s important to consult
with a healthcare professional.
They may order a combination of blood tests, imaging tests, and physical
examinations to help diagnose the condition. Common diagnostic tools for
diagnosing autoimmune diseases include:
* Blood Tests: Blood tests for autoimmune diseases can check for antibodies,
which are often elevated in autoimmune diseases. Specific tests like the ANA
(antinuclear antibody) test and rheumatoid factor test can provide clues.
* Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRI scans, or ultrasounds may be used to assess joint
damage, inflammation, or organ involvement.
* Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to examine tissues from the
affected organ, such as skin or kidney tissue, to confirm the diagnosis.
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF IF YOU HAVE AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?
While there is currently no cure for autoimmune diseases, autoimmune treatment
options are available to help manage symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and improve
quality of life. Managing an autoimmune disease typically involves a combination
of medications, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring.
Below are some common and easy strategies to manage autoimmune diseases:
1. Medications for Autoimmune Disorders: There are several types of medications
for autoimmune disorders that can help control the immune system and reduce
inflammation:
* Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These drugs, such as
ibuprofen, help reduce pain and inflammation in conditions like rheumatoid
arthritis and lupus.
* Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): These medications, such as
methotrexate [https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/methotrexate], slow the
progression of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
* Biologic drugs: Biologics, like adalimumab
[https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/adalimumab] (Humira), target specific parts of
the immune system and are used for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and
psoriatic arthritis.
* Steroids: Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation quickly during
disease flare-ups, but they come with potential long-term side effects.
* Immunosuppressants: Drugs like azathioprine
[https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/azathioprine] suppress the immune system,
preventing it from attacking healthy cells.
2. Autoimmune Therapy: Autoimmune therapy focuses on modulating the immune
system to prevent it from attacking the body. Some therapies include:
* Plasmapheresis: This procedure removes harmful antibodies from the blood and
is often used in severe cases of autoimmune diseases like lupus or myasthenia
gravis.
* Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg): This treatment provides the body with
normal antibodies and can help regulate immune function in autoimmune
diseases.
3. Diet and Lifestyle Changes for Autoimmune Disorders: Certain diet and
lifestyle changes for autoimmune disorders can help manage symptoms and prevent
flare-ups:
* Anti-inflammatory diet: A diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as
fruits, vegetables, fatty fish (like salmon), nuts, and seeds, can help
reduce inflammation.
* Gluten-free or low-carb diets: Some people with autoimmune diseases,
especially those with conditions like Hashimoto's disease, may benefit from
reducing gluten or refined carbohydrates in their diet.
* Regular exercise: Regular physical activity helps maintain joint health,
reduce inflammation, and improve overall well-being.
* Stress management
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/mental-wellness/relieve-mental-stress]:
Chronic stress can trigger flare-ups, so practising relaxation techniques
like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises can be beneficial.
* Adequate sleep: Good quality sleep is crucial for managing autoimmune
diseases and reducing fatigue.
4. Autoimmune Disease Flare-Up Prevention Tips: To avoid flare-ups and manage
symptoms, consider these autoimmune disease flare-up prevention tips:
* Track your symptoms: Keep a journal to track your symptoms and triggers,
which can help you identify patterns and avoid potential flare-ups.
* Avoid infections: Since infections can trigger flare-ups, it’s important to
take steps to avoid illness, such as washing hands regularly and getting
vaccinations as recommended by your doctor.
* Follow your treatment plan: Stick to the treatment prescribed by your
healthcare provider, including taking medications as directed and attending
follow-up appointments.
Nahid Khilji [https://www.linkedin.com/in/nahidkhilji/], Nutritionist and
Co-founder of Health Hatch, a wellness company, said, “Lack of physical activity
or a sedentary lifestyle is linked to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid
arthritis, SLE, Sjogren syndrome, gout and others. Physical activity, in fact,
boosts immunity and anti-inflammatory responses.”
POPULAR CELEBRITIES WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS IN INDIA:
Several popular celebrities in India have openly shared their experiences with
autoimmune disorders, raising awareness and inspiring others to manage their
conditions. Here are some notable figures:
* Kangana Ranaut: The actress has been open about her battle with Hashimoto’s
disease, a condition where the thyroid is attacked by the immune system.
* VJ Dhivyasarshini: VJ Dhivyasarshini has shared her experience with
autoimmune thyroiditis, a condition that affects the thyroid gland and its
functioning.
* Samantha Ruth Prabhu: Samantha has been vocal about her struggle with
myositis, a rare autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness and
inflammation.
* Arjun Kapoor: Arjun has openly discussed his battle with Hashimoto’s disease.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Q1. What are the early signs of autoimmune disease?
Early signs of autoimmune diseases include persistent fatigue, joint pain or
swelling, and skin rashes. These symptoms often appear gradually and may come
and go.
Q2. How to diagnose autoimmune disorders?
To diagnose autoimmune disorders, doctors perform blood tests to check for
specific antibodies. They may also review medical history, conduct physical
exams, and use imaging tests to assess organ or tissue damage.
Q3. What are some common autoimmune disease symptoms in women?
Common autoimmune disease symptoms in women include fatigue, joint pain,
swelling, and muscle weakness. Skin rashes, hair loss, and digestive issues may
also occur. These symptoms can vary depending on the specific autoimmune
condition.
Q4. What are the first symptoms of lupus?
The first symptoms of lupus often include fatigue, joint pain, and a
butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose. You may also experience
unexplained fever or hair loss. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective
management.
Q5. Can autoimmune diseases be cured?
Autoimmune diseases cannot be cured, but they can be managed with treatment.
Medications and lifestyle changes help control symptoms and reduce flare-ups.
Early diagnosis and consistent care improve outcomes.
WRAPPING UP
Autoimmune diseases are complex and can affect quality of life. Early
recognition, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are essential for
managing conditions like Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis, and Multiple sclerosis.
With proper care, symptoms can be controlled, reducing the risk of
complications.
Lifestyle changes also play a key role in improving overall well-being. The best
supplements for autoimmune disease management include Vitamin D, Omega-3 fatty
acids [https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/omega-3-fatty-acids], Turmeric, and
Probiotics, which can support immune function and reduce inflammation.
Consult a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis and treatment to manage
symptoms and live a fulfilling life.
ALSO, READ OUR OTHER BLOGS ON:
1. The Rising Tide of Autoimmune Disorders: Why Now?
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/autoimmune-disorders]
2. Autoimmune Myths vs. Facts: What’s the Truth?
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/myths-facts-autoimmune-disorder]
3. Top Foods Packed with Vitamin D You Need
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/foods-high-in-vitamin-d]
REFERENCES
1. Kumar U, Kanjilal M, Ramakrishnan L, Thangavelu M. Prevalence of pre-clinical
autoimmunity in the normal adult population residing in a metropolitan city of
India: A cross-sectional study.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8133893/
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8133893/]
2. Rosenblum MD, Remedios KA, Abbas AK. Mechanisms of human autoimmunity.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4518692/
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4518692/]
3. Goris A, Liston A. The immunogenetic architecture of autoimmune disease.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3282406/
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3282406/]
4. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241572361
[https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241572361]
28 May 2024
7 min
Debunking The Myths: All You Need To Know About Autoimmune Disorders And Its FactsImagine the life of a person who is affected by an unknown or a complex disease
which itself is caused by a very own immune system. First, they might need time
to clearly understand what sort of things they are facing in their life. Second,
they need guidance that helps them manage their struggle and improve their
quality of life rather than creating an unnecessary fear that can mislead.
Today, we are going to debunk the myths that have surrounded the autoimmune
disorder for many years.
WHAT IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER?
An autoimmune disorder
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/autoimmune-disorders] is a
condition in which the body's own immune system has mistakenly recognized its
cells or tissue as a foreign particle and creates an immune response against it.
Most autoimmune disorders can lead to inflammation, which can affect many parts
of the body. The body part that is being affected is based on the type of
autoimmune disease that has originated in the individual's body. It is estimated
that there are more than 80 autoimmune disorders that are affecting people.
TYPE OF AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
There are several types of autoimmune disorders
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/most-common-types-of-autoimmune-diseases]
that affect people. Some of the types of autoimmune disorders are given below:
1. Alopecia areata: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that affects the
hair follicles of individuals.
2. Pemphigus: It affects the skin and the mucous membranes of the body and can
lead to blistering of the skin, mouth, nose, throat, eye, and genital areas.
3. Psoriasis: Psoriasis
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/treatment-for-psoriasis]
is a serious autoimmune disease that causes the skin cells to multiply too
fast, forming scaly and inflamed skin.
4. Rheumatoid arthritis
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/rheumatoid-arthritis]:
It affects the lining of the joints in individuals, which can cause
inflammation of the joints and its surrounding tissues.
5. Scleroderma: It can affect the connective tissue of the body and lead to
inflammation and thickening of the skin and connective tissue.
6. Sjogren's syndrome: It is a condition in which the immune system attacks the
glands that are involved in secreting fluids, tears, and saliva in the body.
7. Systemic lupus erythematosus: It is a condition in which the immune system
can affect many parts of the body (skin, joints, heart, blood cells).
8. Vitiligo: Vitiligo
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/skin-care/world-vitiligo-day-2023] is a
condition in which the immune system affects the skin cell (melanocytes)
which is involved in producing pigmentation in the skin.
9. Type 1 diabetes: It affects the pancreas, which involves producing insulin
to maintain the blood glucose level.
DEBUNKING THE MYTHS AND FACTS
Here are some of the myths and facts which you need to know:
1. Rheumatoid arthritis:
Myth: Rheumatoid arthritis can only affect older people.
Facts: No, rheumatoid arthritis can affect anyone at any age, but the chance of
getting RA is increased with aging. It is estimated that the risk of developing
rheumatoid arthritis is high in the age of sixties. However, the exact reason
for this is still unknown.
Myth: Men do not get rheumatoid arthritis, while women are often affected by it.
Facts: No, men are also affected by rheumatoid arthritis. The chance of getting
rheumatoid arthritis is three times higher in women when compared to men. But,
it does mean that rheumatoid arthritis does not affect men. It might be due to
the hormonal changes in which the women have gone through in the menopausal
stage. But there is limited information only available to connect the link
between the hormones and arthritis in women.
2. Diet
Myth: Diet can cure autoimmune disorders.
Fact: There is no cure for autoimmune disorders. Eating a healthy diet
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/benefits-of-eating-healthy]can
influence immune tolerance and disease in individuals, which helps alleviate
symptoms of autoimmune disorders. However, it does not prevent or cure them.
3. Type 1 diabetes
Myth: Type 1 diabetes can be cured by lifestyle changes like exercise and diet.
Fact: No, it is an autoimmune disorder that any procedure cannot cure. You can
manage type 1 diabetes by eating a healthy diet, doing regular exercise, and
maintaining a healthy weight along with the intake of doctor-prescribed
medicine.
4. Stress
Myth: Stress is the only reason for an autoimmune disorder
Fact: No, there are various other unknown factors that increase the risk of
autoimmune disorders in individuals. Moreover, stress
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/mental-wellness/mental-stress-symptoms-effects]
can act as a trigger, which can cause immune dysregulation, which may cause
autoimmune disorders in individuals.
5. Contagious
Myth: Autoimmune disorders are contagious.
Fact: No, autoimmune disease is not a contagious disease. It is a chronic
condition caused by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigen (one's
own cell or tissue).
6. Treatment or medication
Myth: Autoimmune disorder does not need treatment or medication.
Fact: Even Though it can be cured by any treatment or medication, certain
medicine and treatment which are recommended by the doctor, can help you to
alleviate the symptoms caused by the autoimmune disorder. Stopping or skipping
the recommended dose without doctors knowledge can even worsen the symptoms of
autoimmune disorder.
7. Breastfeeding
Myth: You should not breastfeed if you have an autoimmune disorder.
Fact: The American Academy of Pediatrics (ACR) and World Health Organization
(WHO) has recommended breastfeeding for people who can and who wants to,
including women with rheumatic disease. However, it is recommended to consult
your doctor about breastfeeding, because some autoimmune disorder medicine may
pass through breast milk.
ENDNOTES!
An autoimmune disorder is a complicated condition that certain medicines and
treatment plans can manage. It is recommended to speak with your doctor and
clarify each and every concern about the disease and its treatment plans. It
will help you to get proper guidelines and can prevent the misleading that are
caused by the myths that were popularly surrounding the autoimmune disorder.
Always remember to follow the instructions of the doctor rather than believing
all those myths that will mislead you about the proper treatment plans.
30 May 2023
9 mins
World Multiple Sclerosis DayWorld Multiple Sclerosis Day is observed on the 30th of May to advocate the
suffering of individuals battling multiple sclerosis. World Multiple Sclerosis
Day was first started in 2009 as an initiative of the Multiple Sclerosis
International Federation
[https://www.msif.org/about-us/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/advocacy/world-ms-day/]
to promote awareness of multiple sclerosis to the public.
The theme of World Multiple Sclerosis Day 2023 is "I Connect, We Connect." This
theme -aims to raise solidarity by supporting the patients and creating
connections with each other, as multiple sclerosis takes a toll on the affected
individual's self-esteem and mental health.
WHAT IS MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS?
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/most-common-types-of-autoimmune-diseases]
in which the body's immune cells target and attack the myelin sheath (modified
plasma membrane), a protective layer of nerve fibers around the brain and spinal
cord that leaves a permanent scar. It is called multiple sclerosis since it
leaves a scar over multiple areas, such as the brain stem, spinal cord, and
optic nerves. This scarring of nerve cells leads to inflammation which causes
alteration in generating brain signals to different body parts and functions.
CAUSES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
* Vitamin D and Vitamin B 12 Deficiency: Vitamin D is crucial for the
functioning of the immune system; a decline in the counts of vitamin D causes
dysfunctions in the immune system leading to autoimmune diseases. Vitamin B
12 plays an essential role in myelin sheath production; when the levels are
low, the myelin sheath synthesis gets reduced and eventually degenerates.
* Virus: It has been reported that the Epstein-Barr virus can increase the risk
of multiple sclerosis.
* Function of the immune system: The immune system plays a crucial role in
protecting the body from harmful substances and pathogens. However, in the
case of multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder, the immune system
malfunctions and mistakenly attacks healthy cells. Scientists are actively
researching the factors that contribute to this erroneous targeting and
damage caused by immune cells.
* Lifestyle factors: Smoking and obesity are two significant factors that
trigger inflammation and lead to a hyperactive immune system that can
progress into an autoimmune disease.
TYPES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
* Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: If a recurrent episode succeeds the
initial attack, the patient is likely to have relapsing-remitting multiple
sclerosis [https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/Types-of-MS]. Almost
85% of patients are primarily diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Patients are
presented with the first set of symptoms only in their 20s, followed by that
they may experience recurrent attacks of multiple sclerosis, which is called
a relapsing phase. Since the recovery from the attacks requires weeks to
months, it is called the remitting phase.
* Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: This type of multiple sclerosis
occurs in people aged above 40 years. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
is tough to treat, and the patients show poor response to the treatment as
the symptoms are worse due to frequent episodes of relapse and no remitting
phase.
* Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Since multiple sclerosis is a
degenerative and progressive disease, people diagnosed with relapsing and
remitting multiple sclerosis can develop secondary multiple sclerosis
gradually after 10-20 years. This type is developed as a result of the
extended remitting phase.
SYMPTOMS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS:
* Lack of coordination
* Difficulty walking
* Numbness or tingling sensation
* Urinary incontinence
* Visual difficulty
* Difficulty concentrating
* Tremors
* Muscle contraction
* Weakness in muscles
* Bowel and bladder problems
* Sexual dysfunction
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Since the symptoms are similar to other neurological conditions, it is often
difficult to diagnose multiple sclerosis. Yet there are few diagnostic tests to
confirm the condition, including,
* Neurological examination: Your neurologist may perform a physical examination
test to find the nerves' reflexes, muscle strength, and it's functioning.
* Blood Test: It is performed to check for specific biomarkers associated with
multiple sclerosis conditions.
* Spinal fluid tap: It is also called a lumbar puncture, a procedure to extract
the spinal fluid will be done to analyze the constituents of the fluid and
detect the presence of proteins responsible for causing inflammation.
* Imaging tests: A MRI Scan will be conducted to investigate the presence of
lesions over multiple areas in the brain.
* Evoked potential test determines the individual's neural activity in response
to the electrical activity.
TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Although no permanent cure for multiple sclerosis exists, treatment options are
available to slow down the disease progression and decrease the relapsing
episodes.
* Disease-Modifying therapies: These agents are administered as injections. The
disease-modifying agents are prescribed to prevent the relapse of multiple
sclerosis. Glatiramer and Natalizumab decrease the episodes of multiple
sclerosis. Natalizumab will be used as a first-line treatment for treating
severe multiple sclerosis. These medicines inhibit the circulatory immune
cells that damage the nerve fibers.
* Muscle relaxants: Most multiple sclerosis patients find difficulty balancing
due to the uncontrollable muscle contraction that makes the limbs stiffer.
Certain muscle relaxants like Baclofen are prescribed to ease lower limb
stiffness.
* Chemotherapy: Mitoxantrone is a drug that suppresses the overwhelmed immune
system and reduces the inflammation that triggers multiple sclerosis.
* Interferons: Interferons Beta- 1a and 1b will be given to prevent the
exacerbations of the symptoms and reduce the disease frequency. The goal of
administering interferons is to prevent multiple sclerosis relapse, which is
given via intravenous mode that acts by blocking the immune cells that damage
the myelin sheath.
* Physiotherapy: Physical therapy can be used as a complementary therapy to
alleviate muscle contraction.
BOTTOM LINE
"Believe you can, and you're halfway there."
Many people lack awareness of multiple sclerosis and fail to empathize with the
affected individuals. Multiple sclerosis is a disabling disease
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/fatal-autoimmune-diseases]
that must be brought into the limelight, so on this World Multiple Sclerosis Day
2023, let's spread awareness in our social circle. Thus, let us build
connections and keep the patients from feeling isolated.
20 May 2023
9.0 mins
World Autoimmune Arthritis Day 2023World autoimmune arthritis day 2023 is honored on May 20th annually to raise
awareness about immune system-related arthritis among the people living with
this condition. This day is celebrated to educate the public about the symptoms,
causes, treatment, and diagnoses. World autoimmune arthritis day was first
established by the International Foundation For Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory
Arthritis (IFAA) on May 20th, 2012. After that, world autoimmune arthritis day
is observed. In today's blog, learn about the early signs of autoimmune
arthritis and get diagnosed accurately.
WHAT IS AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS?
Autoimmune arthritis can occur when our immune system attacks the body's healthy
cells, causing joint damage, swelling, or inflammation. This disease not only
occurs in the joints; it can also attack multiple organs such as the eyes, blood
vessels, heart, lungs, and skin. Autoimmune arthritis involves many progressive
diseases [https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322975#types] that
predominantly affect the joints.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS
This World autoimmune arthritis Day 2023, become aware of the common types of
autoimmune arthritis and stop the misconceptions.
* Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoinflammatory disease that affects more
than one joint, with symptoms occurring on both sides of the body.
* Psoriatic arthritis develops gradually after psoriasis, a skin condition
characterized by rashes
[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriatic-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354076]that
cause scales or patches over the skin. If the psoriasis is left untreated, it
can turn into psoriatic arthritis approximately within a decade.
* Reactive arthritis frequently strikes people of the age group 20-50 years. It
develops as an outcome of an infection caused by bacteria. The bacteria
involved with reactive arthritis are salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter.
Reactive arthritis causes symptoms like rashes over the soles and palms and
eye redness.
* Ankylosing arthritis is common in those with HLA-B27 gene mutation.
Ankylosing arthritis, also called ankylosing spondylitis, majorly affects the
spine and pelvis.
DID YOU KNOW?
Although osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
[https://www.verywellhealth.com/autoimmune-arthritis-5104939#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20types%20of,diagnosis%20of%20these%20conditions%20difficult]
share similar symptoms, such as joint stiffness in the morning right after
waking up from bed, osteoarthritis is not as exact as rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis is degenerative due to cartilage wear-out, and rheumatoid
arthritis is autoimmune arthritis. In the case of osteoarthritis, the morning
stiffness occurs for a few minutes, in contrast to rheumatoid arthritis, where
the joint stiffness happens for a prolonged duration; it can even last for
almost an hour.
SYMPTOMS :
Many different symptoms can occur in autoimmune arthritis. But the following are
common symptoms.
* Joint pain with stiffness (especially in the morning)
* Deformation of joints
* Warmth and swelling over joints
* Weakness
* Loss of appetite
* Drastic weight loss
* Decreased range of motion
* Lumps under the skin, especially on the hands
* Changes in the nails
* Low-grade Fever
CAUSES OF AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS:
* Obesity: It is one of the main factors for rheumatoid arthritis since being
overweight can worsen inflammation.
* Gender: Women, especially postmenopausal women, are subjected to autoimmune
arthritis at a higher rate than men due to the influence of estrogen.
* Smoking: Cigarettes and smoking tobacco can increase the risk of autoimmune
arthritis by triggering inflammatory mediators.
* Hereditary: There are specific genetic factors that run through the family.
You are likely to develop arthritis if you have a family history of this
condition.
* Age: Although autoimmune arthritis can occur to anyone of any age. However,
as a consequence of aging, it is common in people in the age group between
49- 60 years.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS INVOLVED IN AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS
* Blood tests that involve erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive
protein (CRP) to determine the inflammatory status because high levels of
these parameters are suggestive of arthritis or autoimmune diseases.
* Rheumatoid factor and Anti-CCP antibody blood tests will be done to evaluate
rheumatoid arthritis; if either of these results tests positive, it indicates
rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)
test will be involved because these antibodies appear in many people with
this condition.
* Imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasounds, and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) will be taken if you are suspected of autoimmune arthritis since these
diagnostic tests can detect damaged or deformed joints.
* Tissue sampling: In the case of suspected psoriatic arthritis, tissue samples
from the skin lesions will be collected to confirm and identify psoriasis's
existence.
TREATMENT FOR AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS:
* DMARDs are disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs that reduce inflammation and
pain and slow the progression of autoimmune arthritis.
* Biologics used in treating autoimmune arthritis work by inhibiting the immune
mediators that trigger the autoimmune reaction. In some cases, biologics can
be added along with DMARDS to control the disease. It is prescribed only if
DMARDs turn out to be ineffective.
* Surgery: Surgery will be performed to correct the deformed joints and joints
that are badly affected; most commonly, surgeries involve synovectomy, hip,
or total joint replacement.
* NSAIDs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents that help in subsiding pain
and swelling for a temporary period.
* Steroids generally involve corticosteroids that help ease the pain and
inflammation. However, steroids can be taken only briefly as they are
associated with many systemic adverse effects.
* Physiotherapy: Physiotherapy can improve joint stability and mobility.
Physiotherapy can aid in reducing pain and eases joint flexibility.
TIPS TO FIGHT AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS
* Exercise regularly for a minimum of 30 minutes daily. Include exercises that
put less stress on the joints, such as cycling, swimming, and walking.
* Keep your weight under control to lower the pressure on the joints.
* Practice meditation and yoga daily as it can help relax your muscles.
* Using assistive devices such as splints, braces, or walking aids can lower
joint stress and improve mobility.
* Apply hot and cold therapy to the affected joint to relieve pain and
inflammation.
BOTTOM LINE
Autoimmune has various types of disease.
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/most-common-types-of-autoimmune-diseases]
On World Autoimmune Arthritis Day 2023, campaigns are launched to raise
awareness of autoimmune arthritis, encourage its early detection and treatment,
and push for better support and research. It is a chance for the entire world to
exchange stories, offer assistance, and raise money for projects and initiatives
to develop better treatments. Millions of people impacted by these illnesses can
live better lives if we raise awareness and encourage cooperation. Show your
support by uploading your images on social media using the hashtag
#WorldAutoimmuneArthritisDay to raise awareness and promote solidarity.
18 May 2023
9 mins
World AIDS Vaccine Day Vaccine saves lives; fear endangers them!
Every year on May 18th, World AIDS Vaccine Day, also known as HIV Vaccine
Awareness Day, highlights the progress accomplished toward producing an HIV/AIDS
vaccine. The day has served as a forum for raising awareness about the
significance of ongoing research and development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine. The day
also provides an opportunity to honor the scientists, researchers, healthcare
professionals, and advocates working persistently to achieve this aim. On World
AIDS vaccine day 2023, let's take the opportunity to thank all the unseen
superheroes involved in developing the AIDS vaccine for humankind.
HISTORY OF WORLD AIDS VACCINE DAY
During a speech at Morgan State University in 1997, President Bill Clinton
invited professionals and scientists worldwide to collaborate on developing an
AIDS vaccine. He claimed this was the only way to slow its spread and eventually
eliminate it. The day was established in 1998 to commemorate the first
international AIDS vaccine trial, which took place in 1997. The RV144
experiment, which comprised over 16,000 volunteers
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7337582/], was held in Thailand.
The experiment found that combining two vaccines lowered the chance of HIV
infection by 31%, making it the first trial to demonstrate HIV protection.
World AIDS Vaccine Day was established due to a resolution passed at the 1997
World AIDS Vaccine Conference in Paris, which asked for an annual day to
encourage the continued development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine. The National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a component of the
National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other organizations seeking to develop
an HIV/AIDS vaccine first organized the day.
SIGNIFICANCE OF WORLD AIDS VACCINE DAY
The development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine is important to eradicating the pandemic
since it would give a long-term, cost-effective, and scalable method to prevent
new infections. Vaccines have been essential in controlling and eradicating
numerous infectious illnesses such as polio, smallpox, and measles. A safe and
effective HIV/AIDS vaccine would be a great step forward in the global fight
against the disease.
The significance of World AIDS Vaccine Day stems from the continuous efforts to
develop a vaccine for HIV/AIDS. This disease has affected millions of lives and
continues to harm communities worldwide. Furthermore, the day emphasizes the
importance of addressing the social and structural issues contributing to
HIV/AIDS spread, such as stigma,
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/hiv-stigma-discrimination]
discrimination, and a lack of access to healthcare.
UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIV AND AIDS
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus, the deadliest virus that induces
infection by attacking our immune system. HIV is an infection that disrupts the
functioning of the immune system, which reduces the levels of immune cells. In
contrast, AIDS( Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a chronic condition that
develops due to untreated HIV infection.
RISK FACTORS CAUSE HIV INFECTION
* Using shared HIV-contaminated needles and syringes
* Having unsafe sexual practices
* Having sexually transmitted infections such as herpes, gonorrhea, etc.,
* Receiving HIV-contaminated blood transfusions
* The passing of HIV infection from the mother to the baby during pregnancy and
breastfeeding
[https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/pregnancy/can-hiv-be-passed-to-an-unborn-baby-in-pregnancy-or-through-breastfeeding/#:~:text=Back%20to%20Pregnancy-,Can%20HIV%20be%20passed%20to%20an%20unborn%20baby%20in%20pregnancy,from%20you%20to%20your%20baby.]
STAGES OF HIV INFECTION
On account of World AIDS vaccine day 2023, learn about the different phases of
HIV infection, recognize the symptoms earlier, and get treated. HIV is a
progressive infectious disease that can develop in three different stages. HIV
infection can occur in three different stages, and the final stage is AIDS,
where the symptoms worsen due to the depletion of immune cells. Early diagnosis
and timely management can prevent further deterioration of your immune system
and helps to lead a longer life.
ACUTE HIV INFECTION
HIV infection is progressive and can turn into AIDS if untreated at its later
stage. At the primary stage of the infection, the person exposed to HIV will
present with flu-like symptoms only, which may last only for a few weeks. Acute
HIV infection symptoms develop only after 2-4 weeks of contracting the HIV
infection. These include,
* Low-grade Fever
* Headache
* Rashes
* Swollen lymph nodes in the neck region
* Night sweats
* Mouth ulcers
* Sore throat
CHRONIC HIV INFECTION
In this phase, the virus continues to invade our immune system, destroying the
white blood cells by replicating more viral cells. If the treatment is not
initiated even at this stage, the severity of the disease gets intensified. The
patient can present the following symptomatic indications,
* Difficulty in breathing
* Oral candidiasis
* Fatigue
* Multiple episodes of loose stools
* Mild to moderate fever
AIDS- ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection; it takes around 8-10 years for an
HIV infection to develop into AIDS. This occurs only when there is a severe
decline in immune cells. Because of this reason, the individual becomes more
vulnerable to infections such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, hepatitis infection,
HIV related kidney diseases. AIDS can even develop into certain types of
HIV-associated cancers, including lymphomas and sarcomas. AIDS-associated
symptoms are as follows,
* Fever with chills
* Red or pinkish spots on the skin or inside the mouth
* Chronic diarrhea
* Skin rashes
* Dramatic weight loss
* Memory loss
* Profuse night sweats
* Sores in mouth and genitals
HIV INFECTION IS NOT A DEATH SENTENCE
On this World AIDS Vaccine Day 2023, let's educate people to get tested early
and to win the fight against AIDS. We will take this day a chance to thank all
the health professionals, volunteers, and scientists who are all working jointly
to bring out a safe and effective HIV vaccine. And still, we can emphasize the
communities about the importance of research in getting the preventive HIV
vaccine at the earliest. Follow the preventive measures explained and protect
yourself against HIV-AIDS. Together, we can make World AIDS vaccine Day the
best-ever day for people living with AIDS.
10 May 2023
9.0 mins
World Lupus DayWorld Lupus Day is honored on May 10th annually to underscore the disease's
impact on several lives. World Lupus Day is celebrated to honor those living
with Lupus and their loved ones and spread knowledge about the condition. Lupus
is a serious, life-altering, and fatal disease that requires in-depth
understanding and support for the affected persons. According to the latest
reports, it has been estimated that 1 in every 1000 Indians has been affected
with lupus disease. On this day, several worldwide organizations join to raise
awareness of lupus and the necessity of early detection and screening.
HISTORY OF WORLD LUPUS DAY
During the early 21st century, a World Lupus Day was set for May 10th each year
to raise awareness of Lupus around the globe. This date was set following an
agreement by representatives of lupus organizations from 13 different nations
worldwide. World Lupus Day was founded in 2004 and celebrated on May 10th, 2005.
The theme for that year was "Lupus Knows No Boundaries," which highlighted the
global impact of Lupus and the need for increased awareness and support.
WORLD LUPUS DAY 2023 THEME
The theme for World Lupus Day 2023 is "Make Lupus Visible"
[https://www.pacehospital.com/world-lupus-day#:~:text=This%20year%2C%202023%2C%20the%20theme,%2C%20social%2C%20and%20economic%20consequences.].
This theme emphasizes the importance of breaking down the barriers that prevent
people from accessing proper diagnosis, treatment, and care for Lupus. It also
highlights the need to build bridges between patients, healthcare providers to
improve the quality of life for people with Lupus. The World Lupus Day 2023
theme is relevant as Lupus patients face numerous challenges, including stigma,
discrimination, and lack of access to healthcare services.
GOAL OF WORLD LUPUS DAY 2023
* Raise awareness about Lupus and its impact on individuals and society.
* Advocate for better healthcare and research funding for Lupus.
* Encourage early diagnosis and treatment.
* Educate the public about Lupus and reduce the stigma associated with the
disease.
* Help people understand the challenges faced by those affected with Lupus.
* Improve the quality of life for lupus patients.
WHAT IS LUPUS?
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that happens
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/autoimmune-disorders] when
our immune system attacks the normal healthy tissues. To begin, Lupus is an
inflammatory disease/autoimmune disease that occurs when the body's system
attacks its own tissues and organs. This may affect various body organs,
including the skin, kidneys, brain, blood cells, lungs, heart, and joints. The
major risk factors of Lupus include,
* Hormones: The prevalence of Lupus among females was six times higher than
males, especially women between 15 and 45 years of reproductive age. Many
theories have hypothesized that a high estrogen level (female reproductive
hormone) may contribute to the flare-up of lupus disease, yet the mechanism
remains unknown.
* Environmental risk factors include exposure to certain types of viruses and
medications.
* Genetics also plays a significant role in causing Lupus. Few genes are linked
to Lupus and run through the family.
TYPES OF LUPUS:
* Systemic lupus erythematosus
[https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/lupus/types-of-lupus#:~:text=There%20are%20three%20types%3A,Subacute%20cutaneous%20lupus%20erythem]
(SLE) is often referred to as systematic lupus disease. It can affect
multiple organs in our body by causing inflammation in the major organs such
as the kidneys, heart, and lungs.
* Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), also called cutaneous Lupus, is a
persistent medical condition that affects the skin leading to various changes
such as scarring, hyperpigmentation, etc.,
* Drug-induced Lupus is associated with various drugs causing Lupus. However,
drug-induced Lupus will not be present in the long term, and the symptoms can
usually go away within a few months after discontinuing the medication.
COMMON SYMPTOMS OF LUPUS
The symptoms can range from minor headaches and fatigue to significant
complications like organ damage.
* Butterfly rashes on the cheeks
* Weight loss
* Hair fall
* Persistent headache with confusion
* Photosensitivity- skin rashes that tend to worsen when exposed to the sun
* Joint pain with stiffness
* Mild to moderate fever
* Dry eyes and mouth
* Breathing difficulty
* Inflammation of kidneys
* Thyroid related problems
* Mouth ulcers
TREATMENT OPTIONS TO MANAGE LUPUS
Although Lupus cannot be cured permanently
[https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/immune-disorders/fatal-autoimmune-diseases],
it can be treated in many ways, at least to prevent the flare-up of the
symptoms. The cornerstone of the treatment involves reducing organ damage and
alleviating the disease. The available treatment options are,
* Steroid medications such as corticosteroids will be prescribed when lupus
symptoms get intense and affect the major body organs such as kidneys, lungs,
and heart.
* Immunosuppressants are used in treating severe symptoms where Lupus induces
organ-level damage and when steroids haven't worked well in patients.
* Antimalarial agent hydroxychloroquine is also used to manage Lupus to prevent
the disease's relapse.
* Pain-relieving medications include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11035430/] to ease joint pain,
fever, and swelling.
HOW TO RAISE AWARENESS AMONG EVERYONE
"Lupus is Invisible, Make It Visible" is a campaign to raise awareness about
Lupus and its impact on individuals and communities.
* Wear purple: Purple is the official color of lupus awareness. Wearing a
purple ribbon, shirt, or accessory can help raise awareness and start
conversations about Lupus.
* Narrate your story: By telling others about your experience via blog or
social media about Lupus, you may raise awareness of the condition and its
impact.
* Community events: Plan for community events like workshops, conferences,
walk, run, and fundraiser for lupus research, which can help raise awareness
and support the cause.
* Educate others: Educate your family, friends, and community about Lupus by
sharing information, resources, and statistics.
* Media outreach: Reach out to media outlets, such as newspapers, television,
radio, and other articles, to share information about World Lupus Day.
"Tweak your healthy habits to cope with lupus."
Although medication can help curb the symptoms, it is essential to incorporate
some lifestyle modifications to manage the disease and improve the quality of
life. Since Lupus is an autoimmune disease, it can increase the risk of
infections, so getting flu shots regularly and washing your hands frequently to
avoid contamination with germs is suggested. Avoid exposure to the sun for a
prolonged duration, as patients with Lupus are photosensitive. Prolonged
exposure may flare up Lupus. Avoid high-fatty foods, dairy foods, and processed
meat, as they can trigger inflammation. It's important to raise awareness about
Lupus to work to find a cure and improve the lives of those living with this
condition.
