Cod liver oil belongs to the nutritional supplement group and is used to support heart health, improve brain function, boost the immune system, and promote joint and bone health. Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, and vitamin D, it helps reduce inflammation, improve vision, and support overall wellness.

A study found that regular use of omega-3 supplements, particularly cod liver oil (CLO), led to significantly lower basal and exercise-induced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to non-users. CLO users experienced a 34% reduction in CRP levels, with a 24% reduction after adjusting for factors like age, sex, and physical activity. These results suggest CLO is a key driver in reducing inflammation.

Cod liver oil supports heart health, boosts brain function, and enhances immune health with its omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, and vitamin D. It promotes joint and bone health, improves vision, and supports skin health by reducing inflammation and providing essential nutrients for overall wellness.

Cod liver oil is typically taken as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement, available in liquid form or soft gel capsules. Users generally take a daily dose of 1 to 2 teaspoons (5 to 10 millilitres) or 1 to 2 capsules, depending on the product's concentration of omega-3s, vitamin A, and vitamin D. It’s important to follow the manufacturer's instructions or consult a healthcare provider to determine the right dosage for individual needs.

Side effects are unwanted symptoms caused by medicines. Although all drugs can cause side effects, not everyone experiences them.

Common side effects of Cod liver oil are:

• Fishy aftertaste or breath
• Upset stomach or indigestion (nausea, bloating, diarrhoea)

Serious side effects of Cod liver oil are:

• Vitamin A toxicity (symptoms may include dizziness, nausea, and headaches)
• Increased bleeding risk, especially for those on blood thinners (e.g., warfarin)
• Allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing, especially in individuals allergic to fish.

• Vitamin A toxicity: Taking too much cod liver oil can lead to excessive vitamin A levels, causing symptoms like dizziness, nausea, and headaches. Avoid high doses to reduce this risk.
• Bleeding risk: Cod liver oil may increase bleeding risk, especially for individuals on blood-thinning medications (e.g., warfarin). Consult a healthcare provider before use if you're on these medications.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a doctor before using cod liver oil due to its high vitamin A content, which may harm the baby if taken in excess.
• Allergic reactions: People with fish allergies should avoid cod liver oil, as it may trigger allergic reactions such as rash or swelling.
• Chronic conditions: If you have chronic health conditions (e.g., liver disease, heart disease), consult a healthcare provider before taking cod liver oil.

When using cod liver oil, take care not to exceed the recommended dosage to avoid vitamin A toxicity. If you're on blood thinners, consult a healthcare provider to assess any bleeding risks. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should get medical advice before using cod liver oil. People with fish allergies or chronic conditions should also seek guidance from a healthcare professional.

If you decide to take cod liver oil, ensure you follow the recommended dosage to avoid potential vitamin A toxicity. Consult your healthcare provider before use, particularly if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking blood thinners. Regularly monitor your health to ensure cod liver oil is providing the desired benefits without any adverse effects. Additionally, store cod liver oil in a cool, dark place to maintain its quality and prevent it from spoiling.

1. Hansen MW, Ørn S, Erevik CB, Bjørkavoll-Bergseth MF, Skadberg Ø, Melberg TH, Aakre KM, Kleiven Ø. Regular consumption of cod liver oil is associated with reduced basal and exercise-induced C-reactive protein levels; a prospective observational trial: A NEEDED (The North Sea Race Endurance Exercise Study) 2014 sub-study. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8240263/

2. Lentjes MA, Welch AA, Mulligan AA, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Cod liver oil supplement consumption and health: cross-sectional results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4210919/

3. Lewis NA, Daniels D, Calder PC, Castell LM, Pedlar CR. Are There Benefits from the Use of Fish Oil Supplements in Athletes? A Systematic Review. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7490155/

4. Skeie G, Braaten T, Hjartåker A, Brustad M, Lund E. Cod liver oil, other dietary supplements and survival among cancer patients with solid tumours.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19444919/

The drug information on this page is different from medical advice. It is meant for educational purposes only. For further details, consult your doctor about your medical condition to know if you can receive this treatment.