How Can Adverse Events Of Chemotherapy Be Taken Care Of At The Treatment Stage?

Chemotherapy is a powerful treatment option for various types of cancer, but it is often accompanied by a range of adverse events or side effects that can greatly affect a patient's well-being. Addressing these side effects effectively during the treatment phase is essential to help maintain patient comfort, improve their quality of life, and support ongoing adherence to the treatment plan. 

The objective of this blog is to explore practical strategies for managing these adverse events at the treatment stage, ensuring a smoother and more tolerable chemotherapy experience for patients.
 

Does chemotherapy cause serious side effects?
 

Yes, chemotherapy can cause serious side effects. These vary depending on the chemotherapy drugs used, but common side effects include nausea, fatigue, hair loss, weakened immune system, and mouth sores. 
 

Some people may also experience changes in appetite, increased risk of infections, and long-term effects like organ damage. However, the severity and duration of side effects differ from person to person. 
 

A 2023 study conducted at a tertiary care centre found that 97.4% of cancer patients experienced at least one chemotherapy drug side effect, with fatigue (87%), loss of appetite (71.4%), and diarrhoea (49.4%) being the most common. 
 

This study highlighted significant differences in side effect frequency across cancer types, emphasising the importance of integrating patient-reported side effects into routine clinical practice to improve quality of life and chemotherapy compliance.

Tips to manage 10 common chemotherapy side effects
 

During the chemotherapy process, patients often experience a variety of side effects that can impact their daily lives. Effectively managing these side effects can help improve quality of life and support successful chemotherapy treatment. Below are tips for managing the most common chemotherapy side effects:
 

1. Managing Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are common chemo side effects. Antiemetic medications are often prescribed to manage these symptoms. These medications include serotonin receptor antagonists (e.g., ondansetron), dopamine antagonists (e.g., metoclopramide), and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (e.g., aprepitant).

Dietary adjustments, such as eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding greasy, spicy, or sweet foods, can help. Additionally, ginger and peppermint are natural remedies that may help reduce nausea.

2. Handling Fatigue

Fatigue is frequently reported during chemotherapy treatment, especially with high-dose chemotherapy side effects. To manage this, a balanced approach that includes light physical activity, adequate rest, and a balanced diet is recommended. Regular, moderate exercise can help boost energy levels and improve mood. 

Nutritional support ensures patients are consuming sufficient calories and nutrients, while stress-reduction techniques, such as yoga, meditation, and deep-breathing exercises, can also be beneficial in managing fatigue.
 

3.  Preventing and Treating Infections
 

Chemotherapy medications can weaken the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections. Preventive measures include the use of growth factors like granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to stimulate white blood cell production.

Patients should practice good hygiene, avoid crowded places, and limit exposure to sick individuals. 

Prophylactic antibiotics may also be prescribed to prevent bacterial infections. Regular blood tests help detect and manage any infections early.

4. Managing Anemia

Chemotherapy treatment can cause anaemia, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. This occurs because chemotherapy can damage the bone marrow, reducing the production of red blood cells. Breast cancer chemotherapy side effects may include a higher risk of anaemia, as certain chemotherapy drugs commonly used in breast cancer treatment can be more likely to impact bone marrow function.

Treatment for anaemia may include erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) like Desidustat, iron supplements if a deficiency is present, or even blood transfusions in severe cases. In addition to medical treatment, patients may benefit from increasing their intake of iron-rich foods such as lean meats, leafy vegetables, legumes, and fortified cereals. 

Consuming vitamin C-rich foods, like citrus fruits or bell peppers, can help enhance iron absorption from plant-based sources. Regular monitoring of haemoglobin levels is essential to assess the effectiveness of treatment and make necessary adjustments.
 

5. Addressing Hair Loss

Hair loss, or alopecia, is a common side effect of chemotherapy and can significantly impact a patient’s self-esteem and emotional well-being. Although typically temporary, it often occurs a few weeks after treatment begins, with severity depending on the chemotherapy drugs used. It is a myth that cancer patients don't grow their hair back; most will experience hair regrowth once treatment ends.

Scalp cooling caps, worn during chemotherapy, can reduce hair loss for some patients by cooling the scalp and constricting blood vessels, which may limit the amount of chemotherapy drugs that reach hair follicles. 

Support groups, counselling, and exploring options such as wigs, scarves, or hats can provide emotional support and help patients manage their appearance during this time. 

In addition, patients are encouraged to treat their hair gently during chemotherapy, using mild shampoos and avoiding heat styling tools to minimise further damage.

6. Managing Neuropathy

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is characterised by tingling, numbness, and pain in the hands and feet, which can affect daily activities. This condition occurs when chemotherapy drugs damage nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. 

Management includes adjusting chemotherapy doses, using medications like gabapentin or duloxetine for pain relief, and considering complementary therapies such as acupuncture. 

Topical treatments like capsaicin cream may also help alleviate discomfort. Physical therapy can maintain strength and mobility, while patients should avoid activities that may worsen symptoms, such as prolonged standing or walking. 

Wearing comfortable shoes and using assistive devices, like walking aids, can prevent falls and provide support. Regular monitoring by healthcare providers ensures effective management of neuropathy.
 

7. Alleviating Mouth Sores

Mouth sores (oral mucositis) can cause difficulty eating and speaking, significantly affecting a patient's quality of life during chemotherapy, especially with oral chemotherapy side effects. Preventive care includes maintaining good oral hygiene, using a soft-bristled toothbrush, and rinsing the mouth with a saline or baking soda solution to reduce irritation. 

Regular use of alcohol-free mouthwash can further help prevent infections. Topical anaesthetics like lidocaine can relieve pain, while a soft, bland diet can minimise discomfort and aid in healing. 

Staying hydrated is also essential, as it helps keep the mouth moist and supports overall healing. 
 

8. Coping with Cognitive Changes

Some chemotherapy patients experience cognitive changes, often referred to as "chemo brain", including memory lapses, difficulty concentrating, and trouble multitasking. 

This is common and can be easily tackled by implementing cognitive rehabilitation, along with mental exercises and organisational tools like planners and reminders. 

Staying active, eating a balanced diet, and ensuring adequate rest also contribute to better cognitive health. Additionally, reducing stress through mindfulness techniques can help improve focus and mental clarity.
 

9. Addressing Emotional and Psychological Effects

The emotional and psychological impact of chemotherapy can be profound, affecting a patient's mental well-being and overall quality of life. Counselling, support groups, and mindfulness techniques provide patients with emotional support and coping strategies. 

This support helps patients navigate feelings of fear, uncertainty, and isolation. Stress management practices, along with psychiatric support when needed, can help manage anxiety, depression, and other psychological issues. Regular communication with healthcare providers ensures that emotional concerns are addressed, promoting better mental health throughout treatment.
 

10. Managing Skin and Nail Changes
 

Chemotherapy can cause changes in the skin and nails, including dryness, rash, or discolouration. These chemotherapy side effects on the skin can be uncomfortable and may take time to heal. 

Moisturising the skin regularly with gentle, fragrance-free products can help soothe dryness and prevent further irritation. Patients should avoid sun exposure, wear sunscreen, and protect their hands and feet from injury to minimise further complications. 

Wearing soft cotton gloves and socks can help protect the skin from abrasions while keeping nails trimmed and filed reduces the risk of injury. Additionally, staying hydrated supports skin health and helps manage dryness during treatment.
 

Frequently Asked Questions
 

1. What is chemotherapy?
 

Chemotherapy is a medical treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill or control cancer cells. It works by targeting rapidly dividing cells, aiming to reduce or eliminate cancer in the body.
 

2. How to minimise chemotherapy side effects?
 

To minimise 1st chemo treatment side effects, stay hydrated, eat small, frequent meals, and rest regularly. Your doctor may also recommend medications to help manage nausea, fatigue, or other symptoms.
 

3. What are the list of foods to reduce side effects of chemotherapy?
 

Foods like ginger, bananas, plain crackers, and oatmeal can help reduce chemotherapy side effects such as nausea. High-protein foods, like eggs and lean meats, support immune function. Stay hydrated with water, herbal teas, and clear broths to prevent dehydration.
 

4. Can you live a normal life while taking chemo?
 

Many people can live a relatively normal life while undergoing chemotherapy, though it depends on the individual and treatment plan. Fatigue, side effects, and doctor’s appointments may affect daily activities. However, with proper management and support, many continue to work, socialise, and enjoy life.
 

5. What week of chemo is the hardest?
 

The hardest week of chemotherapy often occurs during the second week, when side effects like fatigue, nausea, and lowered immune function tend to peak. This varies depending on the individual and type of chemo. Recovery typically starts in the third week as the body begins to heal.
 

What to keep in mind?
 

Managing chemotherapy side effects is crucial for maintaining patient comfort and quality of life throughout treatment. By implementing strategies such as proper nutrition, rest, and medical interventions, many side effects can be alleviated or reduced. With support from healthcare providers and loved ones, patients can navigate the challenges of chemotherapy more effectively and continue their treatment with improved well-being. 

Additionally, open communication with healthcare professionals helps to tailor treatment plans and adjust supportive care, ensuring the best possible outcomes for each patient.
 

Also, read our other blogs on Chemotherapy here:
 

1. A Complete Guide To Chemotherapy

2. Chemotherapy Myths And Facts You Need To Know

3. Best Diet Plan For Cancer Patient During Chemotherapy

4. Difference Between Radiation Therapy And Chemotherapy
 

References 
 

1. Amjad MT, Chidharla A, Kasi A. Cancer Chemotherapy. [Updated 2023 Feb 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564367/

2. Pearce A, Haas M, Viney R, Pearson SA, Haywood P, Brown C, Ward R. Incidence and severity of self-reported chemotherapy side effects in routine care: A prospective cohort study. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29016607/

3. Anand U, Dey A, Chandel AKS, Sanyal R, Mishra A, Pandey DK, De Falco V, Upadhyay A, Kandimalla R, Chaudhary A, Dhanjal JK, Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10310991/